Tales of Christmas from World War I (A Truce, Plum Pudding, and Love)

“1st Pandemic Hanukkah, 1918.” U.S. National Archives. Accessed at: https://usnatarchives.tumblr.com/post/637529376368525312/1st-pandemic-hanukkah-1918.  

“Akron Battery in Last of Fighting.” The Akron Beacon Journal. (Akron, OH) November 28, 1919. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/228138377.

Blumenson, Martin, editor. The Patton Papers 1885-1940. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1972.

Briggs, Phil.. “No Valentine Card Was as Romantic as This.” Audacy. Accessed at: https://www.audacy.com/connectingvets/articles/no-card-romantic-letter-general-pershing-and-war-letters-project.

Brown, Malcolm and Shirley Seaton. Christmas Truce: The Western Front December 1914. London: Pac Macmillan, 2001.

Carroll, Andrew. My Fellow Soldiers: General John Pershing and the Americans Who Helped Win the Great War. New York: Penguin Books, 2018.

“Christians and Jews Join.” New York Tribune. (New York, NY) November 28, 1918. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/87165084/. 

“Christmas Truce of 1914.” Newspapers. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/topics/world-war1/christmas-truce/. 

Dash, Mike. “The Story of the WWI Christmas Truce.” Smithsonian Magazine. December 23, 2011. Accessed at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-story-of-the-wwi-christmas-truce-11972213/. 

“Fire Step.” Britannica. Accessed at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/fire-step. 

“First Battle of Ypres.” Britannica. Accessed at: https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Ypres.

“Five-Star Generals and Admirals.” Arlington National Cemetery. Accessed at: https://www.arlingtoncemetery.mil/Explore/Notable-Graves/Prominent-Military-Figures/Five-Star-Officers. 

“Funeral of Gen. John J. Pershing, July 1948.” Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/item/2004668740/. 

“General of the Armies John J. Pershing State Funeral 15-19 July 1948.” The Last Solute: Civil and Military Funeral, 1921 - 1969. Accessed at: https://history.army.mil/books/Last_Salute/Ch4.htm.

“General Pershing Borne to His Rest in Hallowed Soil of Arlington.” Blackwell Journal-Tribune. (Blackwell, OK) July 19, 1948. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/905346627/. 

Harris, Stephen and Rod Paschall. Harlem’s Hell Fighters: The African-American 369th Infantry in World War I. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2003. 

Hart, Peter. Fire and Movement: The British Expeditionary Force and the Campaign of 1914. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Hirshson, Stanley P. General Patton: A Soldier’s Life. New York: HarperCollins, 2002.

“Letter from Lt. Colonel Roy H. Coles to Grace Banker - Contained in “Memento of the Telephone Operating [illegible]: Christmas France 1918”. Emailed by Carolyn Timbie 11/10/23.

Little, Arthur W. From Harlem to the Rhine: The Story of New York’s Colored Volunteers. New York: Covici Friede Publishers, 1936. Accessed at: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015005896116&view=1up&seq=1. 

Matheson, Laurie. Music in Black American Life, 1600-1945: A University of Illinois Press Anthology. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2022.

Mead, Gary. The Doughboys: America and the First World War. New York: Penguin Books, 2000.

“No Christmas Truce.” Tampa Bay Times. (Tampa, FL) December 13, 1914. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-the-popes-plea-for-a-ch/24455496/. 

O’Connor, Richard. Black Jack Pershing. Garden City, NY:  Doubleday and Company, 1961.

“One Nation Blocks Vatican’s Plan for Armistice During Christmas Holidays.” The Day Book. (Chicago, IL) December 12, 1914. Accessed at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045487/1914-12-12/ed-1/seq-3/. 

“Over Three Thousand People Assembled for Victory ‘Sing’. Armory on North Broadway Crowded with Men, Women and Children All Earnestly Joiniing in Vocal Music on Greatest of All Thanksgiving Days. Two Addresses.” The Herald Statesman.  (Yonkers, NY) November 29, 1918. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/676389426/.  

Philpot, Terry. “World War I’s Pope Benedict XV and the Pursuit of Peace.” National Catholic Reporter. July 19, 2014. Accessed at: https://www.ncronline.org/news/justice/world-war-pope-benedict-xv-and-pursuit-peace. 

Sammons, Jeffery T. and John H. Morrow, Jr. Harlem’s Rattlers and the Great War: The Undaunted 369th Regiment & the African American West for Equality. Lawrence, KS: The University Press of Kansas, 2014.

Shay, Michael E. Hunter Liggett : A Soldier’s General Vol. 15. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2019.

Sissle, Noble. “Memoirs of ‘Jim’ Europe.” American Memory. Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=ody_musmisc&fileName=ody/ody0717/ody0717page.db&recNum=84. 

Smith, Gene. Until the Last Trumpet Sounds: The Life of General of the Armies, John J. Pershing. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.

Smythe, Donald. Pershing: General of the Armies. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007.

“The Real Story of the Christmas Truce.” Imperial War Museums. Accessed at: https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-real-story-of-the-christmas-truce. 

Walker, Malea. “Good Will Toward Men: The Great War’s Christmas Truce.” Library of Congress. December 22, 2020. Accessed at: https://blogs.loc.gov/headlinesandheroes/2020/12/good-will-toward-men-the-great-wars-christmas-truce/.

“Wison Spreads Good Cheer Among Soldiers in Camp. President Given Cordial Greeting at Chaumont and Makes Happy Speech.” The Tuscaloosa News. (Tuscaloosa, AL) December 26, 1918. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/323373500/.

“Wilson’s Christmas Message Tells U.S. European Peoples are For Secured Peace.” The Sun. (New York, NY) December 25, 1918. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/466287287/. 

Vandiver, Frank. Black Jack: The Life and Times of John J. Pershing, Volume 1. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 1977.