Episode 101

The New South, Jim Crow (Plessy v. Ferguson), & the Death of Frederick Douglass

1880 Census: Statistics of the Population of the United States by States and Territories. Washington D.C.: United States Census Bureau, 1880. Accessed at: https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1880/vol-01-population/1880_v1-07.pdf.

The Appeal. “We Mean Business.” September 12, 1891. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/49718139/?terms=separate%20car%20act&match=1.

Baker, Ellen Belle.  “Thibodaux Massacre.” 64 parishes, January 18, 2021. Accessed at: https://64parishes.org/entry/thibodaux-massacre.

Belpedio, James R. “John Marshall Harlan I.” The First Amendment Encyclopedia. 2009. Accessed at: https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1335/john-marshall-harlan-i.

Blair, Elizabeth. “The Strange Story Of The Man Behind ‘Strange Fruit.’” NPR. September 5. 2012. Accessed at: https://www.npr.org/2012/09/05/158933012/the-strange-story-of-the-man-behind-strange-fruit.

Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2018.

Cashman, Sean Dennis. America In the Gilded Age. New York: New York University Press, 1993.

C.L. “An Old Actors Memories: What Mr Edmund S. Connor Recalls About His Career.” New York Times. June, 5th 1881. Accessed at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1881/06/05/98559069.pdf.

Clark, N. Smith. Frederick Douglass Funeral March. Chicago, IL: S. Brainard's Sons & Co., 1895. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/resource/lprbscsm.scsm0165/?st=gallery.

Cohen, William. “Negro Involuntary Servitude in the South, 1865-1940: A Preliminary Analysis.” The Journal of Southern History 42, no. 1 (1976): 31–60. Accessed at: https://doi.org/10.2307/2205660.

Anonymous. "Red-Handed Murder: Negroes Wantonly Killed at Thibodaux, La." (November 26, 1887). in The Weekly Pelican (New Orleans, Louisiana), vol. 1, no. 52 (November 26,1887), p. 2. Accessed at: http://www.historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/redhandedmurder.html.

Crow, Jim, W. T..  Lhamon, and Daddy Rice. Jump Jim Crow: Lost Plays, Lyrics, and Street Prose of the First Atlantic Popular Culture. United Kingdom: Harvard University Press, 2003.

DeSantis, John. “Thibodaux Massacre.” Smithsonian magazine, November 21, 2017. Accessed at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/thibodaux-massacre-left-60-african-americans-dead-and-spelled-end-unionized-farm-labor-south-decades-180967289/.

Douglass, Frederick. The Life and Times Of Fredrick Douglass. Chapel Hill NC: The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, 2001. https://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/dougl92/dougl92.html#p533.

Escott, Paul and David R. Goldfield, editors., Major Problems in the History of the American South, Vol II, The New South (Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath, 1990), 182–183.

Evening Star. (Washington, DC), Feb. 25 1895. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/item/sn83045462/1895-02-25/ed-1/.

Grady, Henry Woodfin. The New South: And Other Addresses. With Biography, Critical Opinions, and Explanatory Notes. New York: Charles E. Merril & Co., 1904. 

Jones, Mattie, and Mrs. Fannie Miles. I'm Not Lonesome. South Carolina, 1938. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/item/wpalh002079/.

The Journal of Southern History 42, No. 1 (Feb., 1976).

Greenberger, Scott S. The Unexpected President: The Life and Times of Chester A Arthur. New York: De Capo Press, 2019.

Hoffer, William James Hull. Plessy v. Ferguson: Race and Equality in Jim Crowe America. Lawrence KA: University Press of Kansas, 2012.

Inman, John, and Robert A. West. “Talking of Birds." in The Columbian Magazine 1. New York: Israel Post, 1844. 

Jenkins, Jeffry A., and Justin Peck. The Erosion of the First Civil Rights Era: Congress and the Redemption of the White South, 1877-1891. Nashville TN: Vanderbilt University, 2015. Accessed at: https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.usc.edu/dist/2/77/files/2018/01/redemption-1b8a2uq.pdf.

"John M. Harlan." Oyez. Accessed at: https://www.oyez.org/justices/john_m_harlan.

King, Gilbert. “The Great Dissenter and His Half-Brother.” The Smithsonian Magazine, December 20, 2011. Accessed at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-great-dissenter-and-his-half-brother-10214325/.

Lhaman, W.T. Jr. Jump Jim Crow: Lost Plays, Lyrics, and Street Prose of the First Atlantic Popular Culture. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.

“The Louisiana Railway Accommodations Act.” Louisiana Laws, Baton Rouge LA, 1890. Accessed at: https://railroads.unl.edu/documents/view_document.php?id=rail.gen.0060.

Luxenberg, Steve. Separate: The Story of Plessy V. Ferguson, And Americas Journey From Slavery To Segregation. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2019.

Masur, Louis P. “How the South Rose Again.” March 4th, 2019. Accessed at: https://theamericanscholar.org/how-the-south-rose-again/.

McFeely, William S.., and Comer Vann Woodward. The Strange Career of Jim Crow. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2002. 

Schuman, Michael. "History of child labor in the United States—part 1: little children working," Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 2017. Accessed at:  https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2017.1.

McHugh, Cathy L. “Child Labor in the Postbellum Southern Cotton Textile Industry.” Business and Economic History 11 (1982).

Nast, Thomas, Artist. The Queen of Industry, or the New South / Th. Nast., 1882. Photograph. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/item/2013648370/.

The New Slavery in the South “An Autobiography,” by a Georgia Negro Peon, Independent LVI, 25 February 1904, 409–14.

The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.), 26 Nov. 1887. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. <https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83026389/1887-11-26/ed-1/seq-8/.

The Sewanee Review 4, No. 3 (May, 1896), pp. 348-360.

Smalls, Robert, Sarah V Smalls, and Daniel Murray Pamphlet Collection. Speeches at the Constitutional Convention. Charleston, S.C.: Enquirer Print, 1896. Pdf. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/item/91898223/.

Smithe, N. Clark. Frederick Douglass funeral march by N. Clark Smithe. Chicago: S. Brainard's sons co., 1895. Notated Music. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/item/scsm000165/.

The Evening Star (Washington). “At Douglass’ Bier.” February 25, 1895. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83045462/1895-02-25/ed-1/?sp=8&r=0.787,0.716,0.299,0.184,0.

“The Fabric of India: Textiles in a Changing World.” Victoria And Albert Museum. Accessed at: http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/exhibitions/the-fabric-of-india/textiles-in-a-changing-world/.

The Fremont Tribune. “‘Jim Crow’ Cars Constitutional.” May 21, 1896. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30833649/plessy-v-ferguson-1896/.

Tindall, George B. “The Campaign for the Disfranchisement of Negroes in South Carolina.” The Journal of Southern History 15, no. 2 (1949).

Tindall, George Brown. South Carolina Negroes, 1877-1900. United States: University of South Carolina Press, 1970.