“A Splendid Little War:” The Spanish-American War and Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders

Beede, Benjamin R., editor. The War of 1898 and U.S. Interventions, 1898 - 1934. New York: Garland Publishing, 1994.

“Commodore George Dewey, Commander, Asiatic Squadron, to George Goodwin Dewey, Flagship Olympia.” Naval History and Heritage Command. Accessed at: https://www.history.navy.mil/research/publications/documentary-histories/united-states-navy-s/the-battle-of-manila/commodore-george-dew-20/_jcr_content.html.

Crane, Stephen. Prose and Poetry. Jacob Clavner Levenson, editor. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1984.

“Daiquiri.” Mirriam-Webster Dictionary. Accessed at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/daiquiri.

“Dewey’s Free Hand. The Admiral Instructed to Use His Discretion. Is Given Plenary Power. The Dispatch Boat McCulloch Returns to Manila. Insurgents Active on Land. Affairs at Manila Will Be Administered by the Great American Who Has Captured Spain’s Richest Colonial Possession – Supplies Shut Off by the Philippine Rebels and the City in Distress for Food.” The Times. (Washington D.C.) May 9, 1898. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85054468/1898-05-09/ed-1/?q=philippines&sp=1&r=0.21,-0.043,0.877,0.739,0.

Golay, Michael. The Spanish-American War (America at War). New York: Facts on File, 1995.

Goode, William Athelstance Meredith. With Sampson Through the Air. New York: Doubleday &McClure, 1899. Accessed at: https://archive.org/details/withsampsonthro00toddgoog/page/n12/mode/2up.

Harris & Ewing Studio. “Winfield Scott Schley.” Photograph. National Portrait Gallery. Accessed at: https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.84.315?destination=portraits/search%3Fpage%3D97%26edan_fq%255B0%255D%3Donline_visual_material%253Atrue%26edan_fq%255B1%255D%3Dobject_type%253A%2522Photographs%2522%26edan_local%3D1.

Keeler, Frank. The Journal of Frank Keeler. Quantico, VA: Marine Corps Museum, 1898. Accessed at: https://www.usmcu.edu/Portals/218/The%20Journal%20Of%20Frank%20Keeler%201898.pdf?ver=2018-10-26-134335-303.

Leahy, David. “David Leahy of the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry (“Rough Riders”) Writes Home.” Spanish American War. Accessed at: https://www.spanamwar.com/1stuscavletters.htm#Leahy%20San%20Juan%20Hill.


McSherry, Patrick. “Spanish Cruiser INFANTA MARIA TERESA.” Spanish American War. Accessed at: https://www.spanamwar.com/teresa.htm.

Morris, Edmund. The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: The Modern Library, 2001.

“Our New Policy in Force. Ladrone Islands the First Foreign Territory Annexed. The Flag Flying There. Admiral Dewey Notifies the Navy Department of the Annexation of the Ladrones and Other Pleasing Incidents – Expedition Arrives at Manila in Good Health – Leyte Surrenders.” The Times. (Washington D.C.) July 5, 1898. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85054468/1898-07-05/ed-1/?sp=3&q=ladrones&r=-0.015,0.043,0.597,0.504,0.

“Peace Agreement in Puerto Rico.” The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/peacepr.html.

“Philippine Declaration of Independence.” Wikisource. Accessed at: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independence. (Only English Translation of Original Primary Source We Could Find.)

“Platt Amendment.” Digital History. Accessed at: https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3939.

“Protocol of Peace, Embodying the Terms of a Basis for the Establishment of Peace Between the Two Countries.” The Philippine-American War Documents. Accessed at: https://web.archive.org/web/20071012131323/http://msc.edu.ph/centennial/pr980812.html.

Roosevelt, Theodore. The Rough Riders. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1899.

“Shafter at Sontiago’s Gates.” The Herald. Microfilm Reel. (Los Angeles, CA) July 3, 1898. Accessed at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042461/1898-07-03/ed-1/seq-1/.

“Spanish-American War.” Naval History and Heritage Command. Accessed at: https://www.history.navy.mil/research/publications/documentary-histories/united-states-navy-s/the-battle-of-manila.html.

“Spanish American War Chronology.” Spanish American War. Accessed at: https://www.spanamwar.com/timeline.htm.

“Spanish American War: Topics in Chronicling America.” Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-spanish-american-war.

“Spanish Cruiser Cristobal Colon.” Spanish American War. Accessed at: https://www.spanamwar.com/colon.htm.

“The Great Naval Battle Off Cavite (Manila Bay), Fought May 1st, 1898, 5:30 A.M. till 12:50 P.M. (noon).” Image. Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/item/98504764/.

“The Naval Battle of Santiago, July 3, 1898.” Spanish American War. Accessed at: https://www.spanamwar.com/santiago.htm.

“Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898.” The Avalon Project. Accessed at: https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/sp1898.asp.

Vivian, Thomas. J. With Dewey at Manila: Being the Plain Story of the Glorious Victory of the United States Squadron Over the Spanish Fleet Sunday Morning, May First, 1898, as Related in the Notes and Correspondence of an Officer on Board the Flagship Olympia. New York: R. F. Fenno & Company, 1898. Accessed at: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t9959cs9d&view=1up&seq=8.