The Election of 1900 & the Rise of Anti-Imperialism

“1900.” The American Presidency Project. Accessed at: https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/statistics/elections/1900.

“Again Inaugurated.” The Evening Star. (Washington, D.C.) March 4, 1901. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83045462/1901-03-04/ed-1/?sp=5&r=0.196,-0.017,0.618,0.521,0.

“All Ready at Indianapolis. The Town Completes Arrangements for the Bryan Notification Ceremonies.” The New York Times. (New York, NY) August 7, 1900. Accessed at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/08/07/102425823.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0.

“Anti-Imperialist League.” The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/league.html.

Auchincloss, Louis, editor. Theodore Roosevelt: The American Presidents Series. New York: Henry Hold and Company, 2001.

“Boston, Massachusetts. Faneuil Hall. Interior.” Photograph, ca. 1900. Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:s1784x42g.

Bryan, William Jennings. “Imperialism (Flag of an Empire).” Speech. August 8, 1900. American Rhetoric. Accessed at: https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjbryanimperialism.htm.

“Charles Gordon Ames.” Photograph. MHS Collections Online. Accessed at: https://www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?item_id=832&img_step=1&mode=large.

“Chronological Look at the Life of Harry S. Truman and His Times.” Harry S. Truman Library Museum. National Archives. Accessed at: https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/education/student-resources/chronological-look.

“Debs Biography.” Debs Foundation. Accessed at: https://debsfoundation.org/index.php/landing/debs-biography/.

“Garret A. Hobart (1897 - 1899).” UVA: Miller Center. Accessed at: https://millercenter.org/president/mckinley/essays/hobart-1897-vicepresident.

Kaplan, Justin. Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain: A Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008.

Keenan, Jerry, editor. Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2001.

Kinzer, Stephen. The True Flag: Theodore Roosevelt, Mark Twain, and the Birth of the American Empire. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2017.

Loving, Jerome. Mark Twain: The Adventures of Samuel L. Clemens. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2010.

“Mark Twain House up for Sale Today; Fifth Av. Landmark, Also Once Occupied by Washington Irving, to Go at Auction. In One Family 250 Years. Descendant of James Renwick Faces Loss of Property Due to Foreclosure Proceedings.” The New York Times. (New York, NY) July 10, 1933. Accessed at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1933/07/10/119446154.html?pageNumber=9.

“McKinley’s Second Inauguration.” Photograph. Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/resource/cph.3a23811/.

Merry, Robert W. President McKinley: Architect of the American Century. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2017.

Miller, Brian. “The Life of Admiral George Dewey.” Spanish American War. Accessed at: https://www.spanamwar.com/dewey.htm.

Morris, Edmund. The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: The Modern Library, 1979.

“Offered to Pay all the Philippine Indemnity; Mr. Carnegie Would Have Given $20,000,000 to Prevent Annexation to the United States.” The New York Times. (New York, NY). May 16, 1902. Accessed at: https://www.nytimes.com/1902/05/16/archives/offered-to-pay-all-the-philippine-indemnity-mr-carnegie-would-have.html.

Paine, Albert Bigelow. Mark Twain A Biography, 1835 - 1910: The Personal and Literary Life of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1912 (reprint 2016).

“Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League, 1899.” Internet Modern History Sourcebook, Fordham University. Accessed at: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1899antiimp.asp.

“President William McKinley – Inauguration.” Photograph. Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/item/cph9928/.

Ricard, Serge, editor. A Companion to Theodore Roosevelt. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011.

“Ringing Keynote of the Campaign. Sounded by Democracy’s Chieftan. Paramount Issue is Imperialism. Policy in the Philippines Exhaustively Discussed by Bryan. People Governed Must Consent. Or the Government is Not on Lines Authorized by the Principles of the American republic – Appeal to the Fathers.” The Delawarean. (Dover, DE) August 11,1900. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/622055791.

“Roosevelt at Lincoln. He has a Rousing Reception at Home of Mr. Bryan.” New York Daily Tribune. (New York, NY) October 3, 1900. 

Roosevelt, Theodore. Theodore Roosevelt, an Autobiography. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1924.

“Save the Republic.” Anti-Imperialist Leaflet No. 16. (Washington, D.C.) 1898 - 99. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.2390200h/?sp=4.

“Second Inaugural Address of William McKinley.” The Avalon Project. Accessed at: https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/mckin2.asp.

“The American Anti-Imperialist League at Faneuil Hall.” National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/anti-imperialist-league-fh.htm.

“The Annexation of Hawaii.” History, Art, & Archives: United States House of Representatives. Accessed at: https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/The-annexation-of-Hawaii/.

“The Parade. Thousands of People in Line in Honor of Roosevelt.” The Nebraska State Journal. (Lincoln, NE) October 3, 1900. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/334822919.

The Union League Club. Accessed at: https://www.unionleagueclub.org/.

Twain, Mark. The War Prayer. Accessed at: https://www.people.vcu.edu/~toggel/prayer.pdf.

“Union League Club, New York City.” Photograph. Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/resource/det.4a10833/.

Woodford County Journal. (Eureka, IL) August 30, 1900. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/425982703/?terms=william%20jennings%20bryan%20indianapolis&match=1.