Episode 119

The Women's Movement

“141 Men and Girls Die in Waist Factory Fire; Trapped High Up in Washington Place Building; Street Strewn with Bodies; Piles of Dead Inside.” The New York Times. (New York, NY) March 26, 1911. Accessed at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/03/26/104859694.html?pageNumber=1.

“1776 State Constitution.” State of New Jersey Department of State. Accessed at: https://www.state.nj.us/state/archives/docconst76.html.

“1913 Woman Suffrage Procession.” National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/woman-suffrage-procession1913.htm.

“5,000 Women March Beset by Crowds. Demonstration at Capital Badly Hampered and Congress is Asked to Investigate. Cavalry to Their Aid. Authorities Denounced by Dr. Shaw – Wonderful Allegory Tells Story of the Ages.” The New York Times. (New York, NY) March 4, 1913. Accessed at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/03/04/100390354.html?pageNumber=5.

Acts Passed at the Session of the General Assembly for the Commonwealth of Kentucky, December Session 1837. Frankfort, KY: A. G. Hodges – State Printer, 1838.

Adams, Abigail. “Letter from Abigail Adams to John Adams, 31 March - 5 April 1776.” Massachusetts Historical Society Founded 1791. Accessed at: https://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/archive/doc?id=L17760331aa.

Adams, John. “Letter from John Adams to Abigail Adams, 14 April 1776.” Massachusetts Historical Society Founded 1791. Accessed at: https://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/archive/doc?id=L17760414ja.

“Alice Paul (1885 - 1977).” National Records of Scotland. Accessed at: https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/exhibitions/women-suffrage/alice-paul.html.

Bailey, Megan. “Fighting for Suffrage: Comrades in Conflict.” National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/comrades-in-conflict.htm.

Beeman, Richard R. The Penguin Guide to the United States Constitution: A Fully Annotated Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution and Amendments, and Selections from the Federalist Papers. New York: Penguin Group, 2010.

Bell, J. L. “The Growing Legend of Lydia Taft.” Boston 1775. Accessed at: https://boston1775.blogspot.com/2010/08/growing-legend-of-lydia-taft.html.

Berg, A. Scott. Wilson. New York: Penguin Random House, 2013. 

Bernikow, Louise. “Sisters in a House Divided: Barnard Founder Annie Nathan Meyer and Her Sister, Maud Nathan, Debate the Question of Women’s Suffrage.” Barnard College, Columbia University. February 24, 2015. Accessed at: https://barnard.edu/news/sisters-house-divided.

Blackstone, William. Commentaries on the Laws of England Volume 1: A Facsimile of the First Edition of 1765 - 1769. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1765.

Borja, Elizabeth. “Women’s Suffrage Stories in the Archives.” Smithsonian Magazine. Accessed at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/air-space-museum/2020/08/19/womens-suffrage-stories-archives/.

Borschel-Dan, Amanda. “100 Years Ago in NY, Suffrage Movement Pitted Jewish Sisters Against Each Other.” The Times of Israel. November 8, 2017. Accessed at: https://www.timesofisrael.com/100-years-ago-in-ny-suffrage-movement-pitted-jewish-sisters-against-each-other/.

Chapin, Henry. Address Delivered at the Unitarian Church in Uxbridge, Mass. in 1864 with Further Statements, Not Made a Part of the Address But Included in the Notes. Worcester: Press of Charles Hamilton, 1881. 

“Constitution of New Jersey; 1776.” The Avalon Project. Accessed at: https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/nj15.asp.

Cooney Jr., Robert P. J. Winning the Vote: The Triumph of the American Woman Suffrage Movement. Half Moon Bay, CA: American Graphic Press, 2005. 

Crane, Ellery Bicknell, editor. Historic Homes and Institutions and Genealogical and Personal Memoirs of Worcester County Massachusetts with a History of Worcester Society of Antiquity. New York: The Lewis Publishing Company, 1907. 

“Croker Says Lack of Fire Escapes is Cause, Fire Department Official Says Building is One of Seven Thousand in Like Peril. Disaster Easy to Repeat.” New-York Tribune. New York City. March 26, 1911. https://www.newspapers.com/image/79208324/?terms=Triangle%20Shirtwaist&match=1

Curry-Ledbeteter, Campbell. “Women’s Suffrage in New Jersey 1776 - 1807: A Political Weapon.” The Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law XXI, 705. 705 - 723. Accessed at: https://www.law.georgetown.edu/gender-journal/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2020/08/Womens-Suffrage-in-New-Jersey-1776-1807_A-Political-Weapon.pdf.

“Declaration of Sentiments.” Women’s Rights. National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/wori/learn/historyculture/declaration-of-sentiments.htm.

“Did You Know? Suffragist vs Suffragette.” National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/suffragistvssuffragette.htm.

“Door Closed, Croker Says, Thinks Access to Stairway May Have Been Barred.” New-York Tribune. New York City. March 26, 1911. https://www.newspapers.com/image/79208324/?terms=Triangle%20Shirtwaist&match=1.

Dubois, Ellen Carol. Suffrage: Women’s Long Battle for the Vote. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2020.

“Esther Hobart Morris Statue.” Architect of the Capitol. Accessed at: https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/esther-hobart-morris-statue.

Fetters, Ashley. “Turn-of-the-Century Thinkers Weren’t Sure if Women Could Vote and Be Mothers at the Same Time.” The Atlantic. Accessed at: https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2019/06/atlantic-suffrage-family-home/591445/.

Gertzog, Irwin N. “Female Suffrage in New Jersey, 1790 - 1807.” in Women, Politics and the Constitution, Naomi B. Lynne, editor. Philadephia: The Haworth Press, 1990. 47 - 58. Accessed at: https://cawp.rutgers.edu/sites/default/files/resources/femalesuffrageinnj1790_1807.pdf.

Harris, William Thaddeus. Epitaphs from the Old Burying-Ground in Cambridge. Cambridge: Published by John Owen, 1845. 

“Harry T. Burn.” National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/people/harry-t-burn.htm.

“Her Words: Sojourner’s Words and Music.” The Sojourner Truth Memorial. Accessed at: https://sojournertruthmemorial.org/sojourner-truth/her-words/.

“How a Tragedy Transformed Protections for American Workers.” National Geographic. Accessed at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/triangle-shirtwaist-factory-fire-transformed-protections-american-workers.

“How Did Women Gain the Vote? The Promise of 1776 for Women.” Museum of the American Revolution. Accessed at: https://www.amrevmuseum.org/virtualexhibits/when-women-lost-the-vote-a-revolutionary-story/pages/how-did-women-gain-the-vote-the-promise-of-1776-for-women.

“How Did the Vote Expand? New Jersey’s Revolutionary Decade.” Museum of the American Revolution. Accessed at: https://www.amrevmuseum.org/virtualexhibits/when-women-lost-the-vote-a-revolutionary-story/pages/how-did-the-vote-expand-new-jersey-s-revolutionary-decade.

James, Edward T., Janet Wilson James, Paul S. Boyer, editors. Notable American Women 1607 - 1950. A Biographical Dictionary. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971.

Jenkins, Jessica D. Exploring Women’s Suffrage Through 50 Historic Treasures. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2020.

“Kentucky and the 19th Amendment.” National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/kentucky-and-the-19th-amendment.htm.

Klinghoffer, Judith Apter and Lois Elkis. “‘The Petticoat Electors:’ Women’s Suffrage in New Jersey, 1776 - 1807.” Journal of the Early Republic 12, no. 2. (Summer 1992). 159 - 193. Accessed at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3124150?origin=crossref.

Kosak, Hadassa. “Triangle Shirtwaist Fire.” The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. Jewish Women’s Archive. Accessed at: https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/triangle-shirtwaist-fire.

Lange, Allison. “Minor v. Happersett.” National Women’s History Museum. Accessed at: https://www.crusadeforthevote.org/minor.

Lange, Allison. “National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage.” National Women’s History Museum. Accessed at: https://www.crusadeforthevote.org/naows-opposition.

Lange, Allison. “Suffragists Organize: American Women Suffrage Organization.” National Women’s History Museum. Accessed at: https://www.crusadeforthevote.org/awsa-organize.

Lange, Allison. “Suffragists Unite: National American Women Suffrage Association.” National Women’s History Museum. Accessed at: https://www.crusadeforthevote.org/nawsa-united.

“Letter to Harry Burn from Mother.” Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection. Accessed at: https://cmdc.knoxlib.org/digital/collection/p265301coll8/id/693.

“Lucy Burns.” National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/people/lucy-burns.htm.

“The Vote.” Documentary. American Experience. PBS. Accessed at: https://www.pbs.org/video/the-vote-part-1-3kph5d/.

Lumsden, Linda. Inez: The Life and Times of Inez Milholland. Indiana University Press, 2016.

“Lydia Chapin Taft – New England’s First Woman Voter.” New England Historical Society. Accessed at: https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/lydia-chapin-taft-new-englands-first-woman-voter/.

“Marching for the Vote: remembering the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913.” Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://guides.loc.gov/american-women-essays/marching-for-the-vote.

McSherry, Patrick. “Constructor Richmond Pearson Hobson (1870 - 1937).” The Spanish American War. Accessed at: https://www.spanamwar.com/hobson.htm.

McArdle, Terence. “‘Night of Terror’: The Suffragists Who Were Beaten and Tortured for Seeking the Vote.” The Washington Post. November 10, 2017. Accessed at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/11/10/night-of-terror-the-suffragists-who-were-beaten-and-tortured-for-seeking-the-vote/?noredirect=on.

Michals, Debra, editor. “Sojourner Truth.” National Women’s History Museum. Accessed at: https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/sojourner-truth.

Miller, Joe C. “Never a Fight of Woman Against Man: What Textbooks Don’t Say About Women’s Suffrage.” The History Teacher 48, no. 3. (May 2015). 437 - 482. Accessed at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/24810524?searchText=anti+suffrage&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Danti%2Bsuffrage%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6451%2Ftest&refreqid=fastly.

“Mrs. Bossevain is Hailed by Associates as Martyr to the Suffrage Cause.” The Evening Star. (Washington, D.C.) November 27, 1916.

“More Than 140 Die as Flames Sweep Through Three Stories of Factory Building in Washington.” New York Tribune. (New York, NY) March 26, 1911. Accessed at: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1911-03-26/ed-1/seq-1/#words=STORIES+THROUGH+SWEEP+FLAMES+THREE.

“Move Militants From Workhouse. Confinement There Illgal Judge Waddill Holds – Sends 25 Back to Washington Jail. Three Released on Parole. So Weak Their Deaths Were Feared – Dr. Brannan’s Graphic Account of Workhouse ‘Brutality’.” The New York Times. (New York, NY) November 25, 1917. Accessed at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1917/11/25/102378236.html?pageNumber=6.

“Music in the Women’s Suffrage Movement.” Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/collections/womens-suffrage-sheet-music/articles-and-essays/music-in-the-womens-suffrage-movement/.

“National Anti-Vote Society.” The Chicago Tribune. (Chicago, IL) November 29, 1911. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/article/19974559/chicago-tribune/.

“National Woman’s Party Protests During World War 1.” National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/national-womans-party-protests-world-war-i.htm.

Nessen, Stephen. “Family Keeps Memory of Hero Triangle Fire Elevator Operator Alive.” WNYC. Accessed at: https://www.wnyc.org/story/119910-family-keeps-memory-triangle-fire-elevator-operator-alive/.

“No. 563 Park Avenue. Northeast Corner Sixty-second Street.” New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed at: https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47da-d793-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.

“Noted Suffrage Worker is Dead. Mrs. Inez Milholland Boissevain Succumbs to Anemia in Los Angeles. Local Leaders Grieve.” The Evening Star. (Washington, D.C.) November 27, 1916. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/332114822/?terms=Inez%20Milholland%20Boissevain&match=1.

“Pamphlet Distributed by the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage.” Jewish Women’s Archive. Accessed at: https://jwa.org/media/pamphlet-distributed-by-national-association-opposed-to-woman-suffrage.

Paul, Alice. “Being Fed Through Nostrils is Described by Alice Paul, Young American Suffragette. Inventor of Hunger Strike Tells How British Prison Physicians Keep Live in Women Who Won’t Eat or Wear Clothes.” Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbcmil.scrp6014301/.

Ridarsky, Christine L. “Women’s Suffrage in the Mid-Atlantic.” National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/woman-suffrage-in-the-mid-atlantic.htm#_edn4.

Riddell, Fern. “Suffragettes, Violence, and Militancy.” British Library. February 6, 2018. Accessed at: https://www.bl.uk/votes-for-women/articles/suffragettes-violence-and-militancy#footnote1.

“Sojourner Truth: Ain’t I a Woman?” Women’s Rights National Historical Park. National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/sojourner-truth.htm.

Spruill, Marjorie J. One Woman, One Vote. Tillamook, OR: NewSage Press, 2021.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, Susan B. Anthony, and Matilda Joslyn Gage, editors. History of Women’s Suffrage. Rochester, NY: Susan B. Anthony, 1881.

“Steinway Hall.” Landmarks Preservation Commission. November 13, 2001. Accessed at: http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2100.pdf.

Stilitto, John and Constance Lieber. “Martha Hughes Cannon.” Utah Department of Cultural & Community Engagement. April 25, 2008. Accessed at: https://historytogo.utah.gov/martha-hughes-cannon/.

Stoebuck, William B. “Reception of English Common Law in the American Colonies.” William & Mary Law Review 10, Issue 2 (December 1968). 393 - 426. Accessed at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2851&context=wmlr.

“Suffragette Bombings: Discover the Stories Behind Two Suffragette Bombs, From the Collection of the City of London Police.” Google Arts and Culture. Accesed at: https://artsandculture.google.com/story/2wVxgPLt7aWiKg.

“Tells Story of Fire, Samuel Lavine, on Hospital Cot. Describes Horror. Slid Down Elevator Rope, Several Girls Who Leaped Into Shaft After Him Met Instant Death.” New-York Tribune. (New York, NY) March 26, 1911. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/79208324/?terms=Triangle%20Shirtwaist&match=1.

“The Proceedings of the Women’s Rights Convention, held at Akron, Ohio, May 28 and 29, 1851.” Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/rbc/rbnawsa/n8317/n8317.pdf.

“The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.” Occupational Safety and Health Administration. United States Department of Labor. Accessed at: https://www.osha.gov/aboutosha/40-years/trianglefactoryfire.

“Timeline: Women’s Suffrage.” National Women’s History Museum. April 12, 2018. Accessed at: https://www.womenshistory.org/exhibits/timeline-woman-suffrage.

“Triangle Fire.” Documentary. American Experience. PBS. Accessed at: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/triangle/.

“Viginia Arnold Holding Kaiser Wilson Banner.” Photograph. National Women’s History Museum. Accessed at: https://www.womenshistory.org/resources/primary-source/virginia-arnold-holding-kaiser-wilson-banner.

“Virginia Minor and Women’s Right to Vote.” Gateway Arch. National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/the-virginia-minor-case.htm.

Von Drehle, David. Triangle: The Fire That Changed America. New York: Grove Press, 2004.

Ware, Susan. American Women's Suffrage: Voices From the Long Struggle for the Vote. New York: Penguin Random House, 2020.

“What is a Shirtwaist?” American Experience. PBS. Accessed at: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/triangle-fire-what-shirtwaist/.

“When Women Lost the Vote.” Museum of the American Revolution. Accessed at: https://www.amrevmuseum.org/virtualexhibits/when-women-lost-the-vote-a-revolutionary-story/pages/glossary.

White, Jean Bickmore. “Women’s Suffrage in Utah.” Utah Department of Cultural & Community Engagement. April 29, 2016. Accessed at: https://historytogo.utah.gov/womens-suffrage-utah/.

Wilson, Woodrow. “Woodrow Wilson, ‘War Message’ Delivered to Congress, April 2, 1917.” United States Marine Corps University. Accessed at: https://www.usmcu.edu/Portals/218/War%20Message%2C%20Woodrow%20Wilson.pdf.

“Women’s Suffrage in Utah.” Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail. National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/women-s-suffrage-in-utah.htm.

“Women March in Washington for Suffrage. Through Streets of Capital, Bearing Slogans ‘Votes for Women’ in Most Elaborate Demonstration in History.” The Buffalo News. (Buffalo, NY) March 3, 1913. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/843742124.

“Women Representing Foreign Countries Suffragette’s Parade – March 3, 1913 – Washington, D.C.” Photograph. Library of Congress. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/resource/mnwp.27600_276005/.

“Wonder Woman: Feminist Icon?” New-York Historical Society Museum & Library. Accessed at: https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/wonder-woman-feminist-icon.

“Woodrow Wilson (1856 - 1924).” National Women’s History Museum. Accessed at: https://www.crusadeforthevote.org/wilson.