World War I Before the US (Military Tech, Trenches, Global Armies, Ypres, Verdun & the Somme)

“A Brief Look at the Battle of Verdun (21 February - 81 December 1916): Historic Events.” Mémorial de Verdun Champ de Batille. Accessed at: https://memorial-verdun.fr/en/learning-resource-centre/the-battle-of-verdun-historic-events. 

“Apocalypse: The Battle of Verdun.” February 20, 2016. Apple TV. 

“Australian Recruitment Statistics for World War I.” National Archives of Australia. Accessed at: https://www.naa.gov.au/students-and-teachers/learning-resources/learning-resource-themes/war/world-war-i/australian-recruitment-statistics-world-war-i. 

Barthas, Louis and Edward M. Strauss (translator). Poilu: The World War 1 Notebooks of Corporal Louis Barthas, Barrelmaker, 1914-1918. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015.

“Battle of Beaumont-Hamel.” Government of Canada. Accessed at: https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/wars-and-conflicts/first-world-war/battle-of-beaumont-hamel. 

“Battle of the Somme.” National Army Museum. Accessed at: https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/battle-somme. 

Bishop, Chris. The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II: The Comprehensive Guide to Over 1,500 Weapons Systems, Including Tanks, Small Arms, Warplane, Artillery, Ships, and Submarines. New York: MetroBooks, 2002.

Canfield, Bruce N. and Andrew Mowbray Publishers. “The Three Inch Stokes Morter.” Doughboy Center. Accessed at: http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/smortar.htm. 

Connelly, Mark and Stefan Goebel. Great Battles: Ypres. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.

Drury, Ian and William Martin. Verdun 1916: ‘They Shall Not Pass’. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2001.

Fenby, Jonathan. The General: Charles de Gaulle and the France He Saved. New York: Skyhorse, 2013.

“First Usage of Poison Gas.” The National WWI Museum and Memorial. Accessed at: https://www.theworldwar.org/learn/about-wwi/spotlight-first-usage-poison-gas. 

“First World War 1914 - 1918.” Government of Canada. Accessed at: https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/wars-and-conflicts/first-world-war/. 

“First World War - Overview.” New Zealand History. Accessed at: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/first-world-war-overview/introduction. 

“Flamethrower in Action.” New Zealand History. Accessed at: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/flamethrower-action. 

Fogarty, Richard S. Race and War in France: Colonial Subjects in the French Army, 1914-1918. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.

Fromkin, David. A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. New York: Holt Paperworks, 2009.

Goldschmidt Jr., Arthur. A Concise History of the Middle East. New York: Routledge, 2018.

Grant, R. G. World War I: The Definitive Visual History. New York: DK, 2014. 

Halpern, Paul G. Naval History of World War 1. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2012.

Hart, Peter. The Great War: A Combat History of the First World War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Horne, Alistair. The Price of Glory: Verdun 1916. New York: Penguin Books, 1994. 

“In Flanders Fields.” Royal British Legion. Accessed at: https://www.britishlegion.org.uk/get-involved/remembrance/about-remembrance/in-flanders-field. 

“Ireland and World War One.” BBC. Accessed at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/britain_wwone/ireland_wwone_01.shtml. 

“Le héros de Verdun aux combats du Bois des Caures.” Driant. Accessed at: https://www.driant.fr/heros-verdun. 

“Line of Fire: The Somme.” Documentary. 2005. 

Macleod, Jenny. Gallipoli: Great Battles Series. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Massie, Robert K. Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. New York: Ballantine, 2004.

Merriman, John. A History of Modern Europe: From the Renaissance to the Present, 2nd Edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2004. 

Moiser, John. Verdun: The Lost History of the Most Important Battle of World War I. Boston: Dutton Caliber, 2014.

Patton, James. “Gas in the Great War.” KU Medical Center. Accessed at: https://www.kumc.edu/school-of-medicine/academics/departments/history-and-philosophy-of-medicine/archives/wwi/essays/medicine/gas-in-the-great-war.html. 

“Poison Gas.” Canadian War Museum. Accessed at: https://www.warmuseum.ca/firstworldwar/history/battles-and-fighting/weapons-on-land/poison-gas/. 

Robertshaw, Andrew. Somme 1 July 1916: Tragedy and Triumph. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2006.

Rogan, Eugene. The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East. New York: Basic Books, 2016.

Ruedy, John. Modern Algeria, Second Edition: The Origins and Development of a Nation. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2005.

“Second Ypres.” Canadian War Museum. Accessed at: https://www.warmuseum.ca/firstworldwar/history/battles-and-fighting/land-battles/second-ypres/. 

Simkins, Peter. Chronicles of the Great War: The Western Front 1914 - 1918. New York: B. H. B. Distribution, 1997.

“The Gallipoli Campaign.” New Zealand History. Accessed at: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/the-gallipoli-campaign/introduction. 

“The Pals Battalions of the First World War.” Imperial War Museums. Accessed at: https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-pals-battalions-of-the-first-world-war. 

Tibbits, Craig. “In Flanders Fields (the poem).” Australian War Memorial. April 4, 2007. Accessed at: https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/blog/in-flanders-fields-the-poem. 

“Weapons of the Western Front.” National Army Museum. Accessed at: https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/weapons-western-front. 

“What Happened During the Battle of the Somme?” Imperial War Museums. Accessed at: https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-happened-during-the-battle-of-the-somme.