Episode 132

The US Enters WWI (RMS Lusitania, Black Tom Island, & The Zimmermann Telegram

“22 January, 1917, Address of the President of the United State to the Senate.” Accessed at: https://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~ppennock/doc-Wilsonpeace.htm

“55 Cong. Rec (Bound) - Volume 55, Part 1 (March 5, 1917 to April 24, 1917).” GovInfo. Accessed at: https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/GPO-CRECB-1917-pt1-v55/

“Baker is Bringing Platform Direct From President. Due Tonight With Final Draft and Executive’s Particular Request That Vice President Marshall be Renonimated With Him. Leaders Plan to Have Alabama Yield to Indiana and Then Have Incumbent Renominated by Acclamation, Sidetracking Major. Platform Discussion Wanes; Censure of Republicans for Naming U. S. Supreme Justice Opposed.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. (St. Louis, MO) June 13, 1916. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/139051141/?terms=coliseum&match=5

Baker, Ray Stannard. Woodrow Wilson: Life and Letters. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1946. 

Bellamy, Jay. “The Zimmermann Telegram and Other Events Leading to America’s Entry into World War I.” Prologue Magazine 48, no. 4 (Winter 2016). Accessed at: https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2016/winter/zimmermann-telegram

Berg, A. Scott. Wilson. New York: Berkley, 2013.

“Biological Warfare Comes to the U.S.” Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Accessed at: https://www.intelligence.gov/evolution-of-espionage/world-war-1/sabotage-subterfuge-and-war/biological-warfare

“Blown Far by Big Blast.” The Citizen. (Howard, KS) August 30, 1916. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/418902323/?terms=Peter%20Raceta&match=1

Boghardt, Thomas. The Zimmermann Telegram: Intelligence, Diplomacy, and America’s Entry into World War I. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2012. 

Claussen, E. Neal. 1966. “‘He Kept Us out of War’: Martin H. Glynn’s Keynote.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 52, no. 1: 23 - 32. Accessed at: https://discovery-ebsco-com.ezproxy.uvu.edu/c/er7pa4/viewer/pdf/72qg7tkw25.

“Congressional Record. Proceedings and Debates of the Sixty-Fifth Congress, First Session.” Congress. Accessed at: https://www.congress.gov/bound-congressional-record/1917/04/02/senate-section

Count von Bernstorff. “NOTICE!” Accessed at: https://blogs.loc.gov/law/files/2015/05/German-Imperial-Embassy-Warning-Relating-to-Lusitania.jpg

Cuddy, Edward. “Irish-Americans and the 1916 Election: An Episode in Immigrant Adjustment.” American Quarterly 21, No. 2 (Summer, 1969): 228 - 243. Accessed at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2711576?origin=crossref

“Delegates Pass Through ‘Golden Lane’ of Suffrage. ‘Goddess of Liberty’ Among Those Who Greet Men on Way to Convention. Cheers for Suffragists. Women in White, With Yellow Parasols, Make ‘Walkless Talkless’ Appeal.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. (St. Louis, MO) June 14, 1916. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/139051775/

“Democrats Sing Verse of ‘America’ at Opening of Convention.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. (St. Louis, MO) June 14, 1916. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/139051798/

“Domestic Sabotage: The Explosion at Black Tom Island.” National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/black-tom-wwi.htm

Fromkin, David. “Entangling Alliances” in Foreign Affairs: An American Quarterly Review, Hamilton Fish Armstrong, editor, 48, No. 4 (July 1970): 688 - 700. 

“George Washington: Farewell Address.” The American Presidency Project. Accessed at: https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/farewell-address

“German Plotting and Early Strikes.” Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Accessed at: https://www.intelligence.gov/evolution-of-espionage/world-war-1/undeclared-war/german-plotting

Grant, R. G. World War I: The Definitive Visual History. New York: DK, 2014. 

Halpern, Paul G. Naval History of World War 1. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2012.

“Hold Two Men in Explosion Probe.” Trenton Evening Times. (Trenton, NJ) July 31, 1916. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/7728201/?terms=Peter%20Raceta&match=1

Huston, James A. “The Election of 1916.” Current History 47, No. 278 (October, 1964): 205 - 209. Accessed at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/45311185

“In the Crosshairs: Allied Shipping.” Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Accessed at: https://www.intelligence.gov/evolution-of-espionage/world-war-1/undeclared-war/allied-shipping

Jasper, Willi and Stewart Spencer (translator). Lusitania: The Cultural History of a Catastrophe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016. 

“Joint Address to Congress Leading to a Declaration of War Against Germany (1917).” National Archives. Accessed at: https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/address-to-congress-declaration-of-war-against-germany.

“Kapitnleutnant Walter Schwieger - Sinking of the RMS Lusitania, 1915.” Eyewitness: American Originals from the National Archives. Accessed at: https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=18

“Keynote Speech Received with Cheers for Wilson.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. (St. Louis, MO) June 14, 1916. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/139051775/?terms=&clipping_id=11561477

King, Gilbert. “Sabotage in New York Harbor.” Smithsonian Magazine. November 1, 2011. Accessed at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/sabotage-in-new-york-harbor-123968672/

Larson, Erik. Dead Wake: The Last Crossing of the Lusitania. New York: Broadway Books, 2015.

“Liberty State Park: Black Tom Explosion.” New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection: Division of Parks and Forestry. Accessed at: https://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/parks/liberty_state_park/liberty_blacktomexplosion.html

Lindsay, James M. “TWE Remembers: The Black Tom Explosion.” Council on Foreign Relations. July 30, 2014. Accessed at: https://www.cfr.org/blog/twe-remembers-black-tom-explosion

“Liner Dashes Into Port to Escape Submarines.” The Standard Union. (Booklyn, NY) March 30, 1915. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/544247600/?terms=Falaba&match=1

Lopach, James J. and Jean A. Luckowski. Jeannette Rankin: A Political Woman. Denver, CO: University Press of Colorado, 2005.

“Martin Henry Glynn Papers, 1913 - 1924.” New York State Library. Accessed at: https://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/sc21255.htm.

Massie, Robert K. Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. New York: Ballantine, 2004.

“Missouri and the 19th Amendment.” National Park Service. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/missouri-and-the-19th-amendment.htm

Murrin, John M, Paul E. Johnson, James M. McPherson, Alice Fahs, and Gary Gerstle. Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Compact 5th edition. United States: Thomson & Wadsworth, 2007.

Official Report of the Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention, Held at St. Louis, Missouri, June 14, 15, and 16th, 1916. Accessed at: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030799319&view=1up&seq=13

“Passenger and Crew Statistics.” The Lusitania Resource. Accessed at: https://www.rmslusitania.info/people/statistics/

Peifer, Douglas. “The Sinking of the Lusitania, Wilson’s Response, and Paths Not Taken: Historical Revisionism, the Nye Committee, and the Ghost of William Jennings Bryan.” The Journal of Military History 79. (October 2015): 1025 - 1045. Accessed at: https://research-ebsco-com.ezproxy.uvu.edu/c/er7pa4/viewer/pdf/qbcr5icosf?route=details

“President’s Appeal for Impartiality and Restraint in Discussing War.” The New York Times. (New York, NY) August 19, 1914. Accessed at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/08/19/106726229.html?pageNumber=4

“RANKIN, Jeannette.” History, Art & Archives: United States House of Representatives. Accessed at: https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/R/RANKIN,-Jeannette-(R000055)/

“Roosevelt Blames Wilson for Raids. Due to President’s Ostrich Polloy, War Stares at Us from U-Boats, He Says. The Phrase of a Coward. ‘He Kept Us Out of War’ So Described – Inexcusable to Tolerate Wilson’s ‘Futility’ Longer.” The New York Times. (New York, NY) October 11, 1916. Accessed at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/10/11/119032624.html?pageNumber=6

Sarasohn, David. “The Election of 1916: Realigning the Rockies.” Western Historical Quarterly 11, Issue 3 (July, 1980): 285 - 305. Accessed at: https://academic.oup.com/whq/article-abstract/11/3/285/1898187?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Sondhaus, Lawrence. German Submarine Warfare in World War I : The Onset of Total War at Sea. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2017.

“The Secretary of State to Ambassador Gerard [Telegram]” in Department of State: Diplomatic Correspondence with Belligerent Governments Relating to Neutral Rights and Commerce. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1915. 

“The Zimmermann Telegram.” Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Accessed at: https://www.intelligence.gov/evolution-of-espionage/world-war-1/america-declares-war/zimmermann-telegram

Trickey, Erick. “How Woodrow Wilson’s War Speech to Congress Changed Him – and the Nation.” Smithsonian Magazine. April 3, 2017. Accessed at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-woodrow-wilsons-war-speech-congress-changed-him-and-nation-180962755/

“War, Women, and the West: Wilson’s 1916 Presidential Victory.” History 211: History of US Elections. October 12, 2010. Accessed at: https://blogs.dickinson.edu/hist-211pinsker/2010/10/12/war-women-and-the-west-wilson%E2%80%99s-1916-presidential-victory/

Weesjes, Elke and Phil Nerges. “100 Years of Terror: The Black Tom Explosion and the Birth of U.S. Intelligence Services.” Natural Hazards Center. October 31, 2016. Accessed at: https://hazards.colorado.edu/article/100-years-of-terror-the-black-tom-explosion-and-the-birth-of-u-s-intelligence-services-1

“William F. McCombs, the president maker.” Photograph. Cincinnati Public Library. Accessed at: https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll17/id/77998.

“Woodrow Wilson, World War I, and the Freedom of the Seas.” Naval History and Heritage Command. Accessed at: https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/world-war-i/history/ww1-freedom-of-seas.html.

Zieger, Robert H. America’s Great War: World War I and the American Experience. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001.