“Black Jack” Pershing, the American Expeditionary Force, & The German Spring Offensive of 1918

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Clandenen, Clarence C. The United States and Pancho Villa: A Study in Unconventional Diplomacy. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1972. 

Duffy, Father Francis Patrick. Father Duffy’s Story: A Tale of Humor and Heroism, of Life and Death with the Fighting Sixty-Ninth. Baltimore, MD: Pickle Partners Publishing, 2013 (originally published 1919).

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“Flames Drive Back Soldiers Who Try to Save Mrs. Pershing; Three Women Leap Off Porch.” The San Francisco Examiner. (San Francisco, CA) August 28, 1915. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/457802937/?terms=boswell&match=1. 

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“General’s Family Burns. Mrs. John J. Pershing and Three Children Die in Home. Night Lamp Probably Caused Fire at San Francisco Presidio –  Wife Was Daughter of Ex-Senator Warren – One Boy Escaped.” The Kansas City Star. (Kansas City, MO) August 27, 1915. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/654133235/?terms=pershing&match=1. 

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McNeese, Tim. Time in the Wilderness: The Formative Years of John “Black Jack” Pershing in the American West. Sterling, VA: Potomac Books, 2021.

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“Military Carnival Ends; Two Performances Yesterday in Madison Square Garden. Twenty-second Regiment’s Athletes Scored the Most Points During the Week – An Exciting Relay Race Won by the Seventh’s Team.” The New York Times. (New York, NY) January 17, 1897. Accessed at: https://www.nytimes.com/1897/01/17/archives/military-carnival-ends-two-performances-yesterday-in-madison-square.html. 

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“Mother, Sisters, Dead, Pershing Boy Awaits His Father’s Coming. Gen. Pershing’s Wife, Three Children, Lose Lives in Fire. Mrs. Pershing Senator Warren’s Daughter. Flimsy Buildings at the Presidio Are Death Trap; Two Years’ Record, 9.” Bakersfield Morning Echo. (Bakersfield, CA) August 28, 1915. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/609902754/. 

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Perry, Mark. “What Black Jack Pershing Can Teach Us About Fighting Terrorists.” Politico Magazine. August 20, 2017. Accessed at: https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/08/20/what-black-jack-pershing-can-teach-us-about-fighting-terrorists-215509/. 

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“Revive ‘Spirit of ‘76,’ Film Barred in 1917. Goldstein, Who Produced It, Got Ten-Year Prison Term Under Espionage Act. TO BE SEEN AT TOWN HALL. Film Company President, Who Has Sinn Fein Interests, Denies Anti-British Propaganda.” The New York Times. (New York, NY). Accessed at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/07/14/98713226.pdf. 

“Roosevelt at White House to Congragulate President. Fails to See Wilson, Who is at Offices – Advocates Sending Troops Abroad as Soon as Possible – Hopes He May Raise Division.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. (St. Louis, MO) April 3, 1917. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/138157730/?terms=roosevelt%20white%20house%20wilson&match=1. 

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Smith, Gene. “In Search of ‘Black Jack’ Pershing.” American Heritage 63, Issue 3. (Fall 2018) Accessed May 1, 2023 at: www.americanheritage.com/search-black-jack-pershing.

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