Episode 171

Christmas Special VIII: Festivities in the Jazz Age

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“1920: Invisible Guests: In Our Pages: 100, 75 and 50 Years Ago.” The New York Times. (New York, NY) December 9, 1995, sec. Opinion. Accessed at: https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/09/opinion/IHT-1920-invisible-guests-in-our-pages100-75-and-50-years-ago.html.

“960 Feast On Rice At $1000 Each To Aid War’s Victims.” New York Herald. (New York, NY) December 30, 1920. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/594981525/.

Amortization.org. “What Is $30,000,000 in 1920 Worth in 2024?,” Accessed at: https://www.amortization.org/inflation/amount.php?year=1920&amount=30000000&to=2024.

Belk, Russell. “Materialism and the Making of a Modern American Christmas.” In Unwrapping Christmas, edited by Daniel Miller. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1993.

Burton-Hill, Clemency. “When Christmas Carols Were Banned.” BBC, December 19, 2014. Accessed at: https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20141219-when-christmas-carols-were-banned.

Chance, Maia. “Christmas in 1920s America.” The History Reader, November 19, 2018. Accessed at: https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/christmas-1920s-america/.

“Children Lost During Parade.” The Knoxville Journal. (Knoxville, TN) December 3, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/586389552/.

“Christmas Tree To Coolidge.” The Alliance Times-Herald. (Alliance, NE) December 18, 1923. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/668626480.

“Coolidge Christmas Tree.” St. Albans Daily Messenger. (St. Albans, VT) December 17, 1923. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/657835801/

“Coolidge To Start Capital Program.” The Morning Union. (Springfield, MA) December 24, 1923. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/1067570927.

CPI Inflation Calculator. “$30,000,000 in 1920 → 2024,” Accessed at: https://www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/1920?amount=30000000.

“DeRobertis Composes ‘Santa Claus March.’” The Knoxville Journal. (Knoxville, TN) December 5, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/586389932/.

“Edward V. Riis Dead.” The New York Times. (New York, NY) October 8, 1927. Accessed at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1927/10/08/98536400.html.

“Entertain an ‘Invisible Guest’ at Your Christmas Dinner Table.” The Muscatine Journal. (Muscatine, IA) December 25, 1920. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/543879786/.

Extreme Weather Watch. “New York City Weather in 1920,” Accessed at: https://www.extremeweatherwatch.com/cities/new-york/year-1920#december.

“Friday Best Early Shopping Day In Knoxville’s History.” The Knoxville Journal. (Knoxville, TN) December 1, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/586388162/.

Fung, Brian. “Merry Christmas! 107 Years Ago Tonight, Americans Heard the World’s First Radio Show.” Washington Post, December 24, 2013. Accessed at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2013/12/24/merry-christmas-107-years-ago-tonight-americans-heard-the-worlds-first-ever-radio-show/.

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Hoover, Herbert, and Woodrow Wilson. Two Peacemakers in Paris: The Hoover-Wilson Post-Armistice Letters, 1918-1920. Edited by Francis William O’Brien. 1st ed. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1978.

Hoover, Herbert. The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: The Cabinet and the Presidency 1920-1933. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1951.

Hoover, Herbert. The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: Years of Adventure, 1874-1920. 1st ed. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1951.

Jacobi, Bonnie Schaffhauser. “‘In Burst of Fresh Song.’” Journal of Historical Research in Music Education 37, no. 1 (2015): 24–50. Accessed at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26376893.

Kelly, Kate. “First Store Santa.” America Comes Alive, December 20, 2018. Accessed at: https://americacomesalive.com/first-store-santa/.

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“Knoxville Merchants Are Elated Over Success of Santa Parade.” The Knoxville Journal. (Knoxville, TN) December 2, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/586388503/.

Knoxville’s First Santa Claus Parade. Tennessee Archive of Moving Image and Sound, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.facebook.com/tamisarchive/videos/knoxvilles-first-santa-claus-parade-was-in-1928-and-adolph-schmid-was-there-with/1072278579900461/.

Kolakowski, Chris. “General Grant Promoted.” Emerging Civil War, January 2, 2023. Accessed at: https://emergingcivilwar.com/2023/01/02/general-grant-promoted/.

Lambers, William. “The ‘Invisible Guest’ World Food Campaign of the 1920s Should Be a Model for Us Today” December 20, 2012. Accessed at: https://origins.osu.edu/index.php/history-news/invisible-guest-world-food-campaign-1920s-should-be-model-us-today.

“Letters From Stewart Countians Home And Abroad.” The Stewart County Times. (Dover, TN) December 7, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/814621691/.

Lewis, Tom. “‘A Godlike Presence’: The Impact of Radio on the 1920s and 1930s.” OAH Magazine of History 6, no. 4 (1992): 26–33. Accessed at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25154082.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. “Jule Nat.” Audio. Accessed November 5, 2024. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/item/jukebox-25357/.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. “Who Invented Electric Christmas Lights?,” November 19, 2019. Accessed at: https://www.loc.gov/item/who-invented-electric-christmas-lights/.

“March Down Gay Set For High Noon.” The Knoxville Journal. (Knoxville, TN) December 1, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/586388162/.

McGee, Dorothy Horton. Herbert Hoover: Engineer, Humanitarian, Statesman. 4th ed. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead, 1959.

“Memphians Shout Welcome To Santa.” The Commercial Appeal. (Dover, TN) December 9, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/814621691/.

Missouri Over There. “Photograph of General John J. Pershing in Decorated Uniform,” Accessed at: https://missourioverthere.org/explore/collections/pershing-john-j-collection/photograph-of-general-john-j-pershing-in-decorated-uniform-n-d/.

“Mrs. Coolidge Sets Custom Of White House Caroling.” Vermont Standard. (Woodstock, VT) January 3, 1924. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/657894886/.

“Music and Musicians.” Brooklyn Life and Activities of Long Island Society. (Brooklyn, NY) December 26, 1925. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/83361042/.

“Music Notes: Weekend Concerts.” The Brooklyn Daily Times. (Brooklyn, NY) December 21, 1925. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/556792885/.

Neely, Jack. “Christmas in the 1920s.” Visit Knoxville. December 21, 2023. Accessed at: https://www.visitknoxville.com/blog/post/christmas-in-the-1920s/.

Neuls-Bates, Carol. “Women’s Orchestras in the United States, 1925–1945.” In Women Making Music: The Western Art Tradition, 1150-1950, edited by Jane M Bowers and Judith Tick. Illini Books Edition. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1986. Accessed at: https://books.google.com/books?id=ADF69R1HriIC.

“Nine Killed Here By Christmas Rum.” The New York Times. (New York, NY) December 27, 1922. Accessed at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1922/12/27/102908994.html.

“Parade To Live In Children’s Minds.” The Knoxville News-Sentinel. (Knoxville, TN) December 2, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/772136382/.

Pimlott. “Christmas under the Puritans.” History Today, December 12, 1960. Accessed at: https://www.historytoday.com/archive/feature/christmas-under-puritans.

“Police To Aid Santa Claus.” The Knoxville Journal. (Knoxville, TN) December 1, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/586388235/.

“Portrait of General John. J. Pershing.” Accessed November 3, 2024. Accessed at: https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object/nmah_447753.

Riis, Edward V. “Raise 2,011,221 For Europe’s Children at Hoover Dinner.” Brooklyn Eagle, Paper. (Brooklyn, NY) December 30, 1920. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/55561080/.

“Santa Claus and Sour Grapes.” The Knoxville Journal. (Knoxville, TN) November 27, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/586404000/.

“Santa Claus Visits Stores.” The Knoxville Journal. (Knoxville, TN) December 2, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/586388503/.

“Santa Claus, Waterbound, Weeps To Disappoint Eager Children.” The Knoxville Journal. (Knoxville, TN) December 1, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/586388162/.

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Scott, Peter M., and James Walker. “Sales and Advertising Expenditure for Interwar American Department Stores.” The Journal of Economic History 71, no. 1 (2011): 40–69. Accessed at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23018271.

“Seize Whisky In a Dressed Turkey.” The New York Times. (New York, NY) December 25, 1920. Accessed at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/12/25/103520783.html.

Snyder, Phillip V., and Roy Coggin. The Christmas Tree Book: The History of the Christmas Tree and Antique Christmas Tree Ornaments. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1976.

“Sunshine and Moonshine.” The Knoxville News-Sentinel. (Knoxville, TN) November 26, 1928. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/772135162/.

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“Throngs Sing Carols As Coolidge Lights Big Christmas Tree.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. (Pittsburgh, PA) December 25, 2023. Accessed at: https://www.newspapers.com/image/85854848.

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U.S. National Park Service. “The Emergence of the Great Humanitarian,” January 16, 2023. Accessed at: https://www.nps.gov/articles/emergence-of-the-great-humanitarian.htm.

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“Yuletide Spirit Pervades Broadcasts.” The Patriot-News. (Harrisburg, PA) December 23, 1927. Accessed at:https://www.newspapers.com/image/1093212268/.

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